Pam Johnson
WASHINGTON, Sep 16, 2011 (IPS) - Despite months of frustrated efforts to secure a full and impartial investigation into possible laws-of-war violations during the last phase of Sri Lanka's civil war, which ended in 2009, leading human rights advocates in the U.S. launched a fresh charge on the island nation's government this week, vowing that, "If the Sri Lankan government won't provide justice for victims, the international community will."
The push was sparked by a diplomatic spat at the 18th annual session of the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), which opened in Geneva on Monday, when Navanethem Pillay, the U.N. high commissioner for human rights, urged Sri Lankan authorities to conduct a full review of its security apparatus.
"The counter measures adopted by various countries to combat terrorism have frequently been designed with insufficient regard to human rights," Pillay said in her opening remarks, stressing, "This has all too often led to an erosion of rights and fostered a culture of diffidence and discrimination, which in turn, perpetuates cycles of violence and retribution. Sri Lanka is one such case."
Pillay's comments added to the international call for post-conflict truth and justice in Sri Lanka, which has been growing since May 2009 when government forces finally crushed the armies of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a minority separatist group that had been fighting for the self-determination of Tamils in the Sinhala- Buddhist-governed country since 1983.
While much of the world, and indeed a majority of Sri Lankans themselves, hailed the end of the 30-year-long civil war as a great "victory against terrorism", subsequent reports from aid workers, U.N. officials, war survivors and journalists about possible war crimes and immense human rights abuses by both the Sri Lankan Army (SLA) and the LTTE began to sketch a different, darker view of what the government had hitherto declared to be an almost bloodless humanitarian operation in the formerly rebel-controlled North East.
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After reviewing extensive documentation by U.N. organisations, satellite images, photographs, video materials and testimony from survivors, the panel's report, published on Apr. 25, concluded that both armies conducted military operations "with flagrant disregard for the protection, rights, welfare and lives of civilians and failed to respect the norms of international law."
The report also stressed that tens of thousands of civilians likely perished between January and May 2009, a large majority at the hands of government shelling, particularly in the declared "No Fire Zones".
"When a U.N. Panel of Experts report concludes up to 40,000 civilians died amid war crimes, the Human Rights Council should feel compelled to act," Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch, said Tuesday.
"The council should order a full international investigation – anything less would be a shameful abdication of responsibility," he added.
Last year the Sri Lankan government rejected the U.N. panel's findings, calling the report, "illegal, biased, baseless and unilateral".
Responding to Pillay's comments this week, Tamara Kunanayakam, ambassador and permanent representative of Sri Lanka, dismissed the allegations as "wholly misplaced" adding, "the community of nations was well aware that Sri Lanka was combating one of the most ruthless terrorist organisations in the world."
Requests for comment from the Sri Lankan embassy in Washington were not answered before deadline.
But both Amnesty International USA (AIUSA) and Human Rights Watch (HRW) issued statements this week pushing strongly for the UNHRC to consider the report and implement its recommendations.
"That means the majority of members of the council will need to support this effort, so civil society needs to lobby strategic countries to stand up for accountability and justice, just as they have done recently in Libya, Syria and other places," Elaine Pearson, deputy director of the Asia division at HRW, told IPS.
"Given that the international community did not act to prevent [countless] deaths in [Sri Lanka during the war], it's the least that they can do now to order an international inquiry," she said.
"The failure to hold abusers accountable has an effect on lasting peace – it just reinforces a culture of impunity that encourages future abuses. We've seen this happen in many places – Afghanistan and Congo are some examples," Pearson told IPS. "So the 'fragile peace' in Sri Lanka may be short-lived, if the legitimate grievances of Tamils are not addressed and there is no accountability for the litany of alleged war crimes committed during the final stages of the war."
Sharon Singh, the media relations director for AIUSA, told IPS, "Sri Lanka has a long history of establishing national commissions of inquiry aimed at justice and reconciliation which have all, in practice, failed to deliver justice, truth and full reparations to victims of human rights violations."
"Instead, Amnesty International has documented persistent patterns of abuse and a history of impunity that has persisted for decades. Even today, new reports of abductions, enforced disappearances and killings in northern Sri Lanka keep emerging – crimes which are evidently condoned by Sri Lanka's refusal to investigate past crimes," she said.
"The government is handling [this situation] by silencing the media and civil society," Pearson told IPS.
"The courts and opposition political parties are all under increasing pressure. Dissent has been so effectively silenced that people now whisper their complaints. In the long term, the lack of accountability can create an atmosphere of distrust and revenge that can later be manipulated by leaders seeking to foment violence for their own political ends," she added.
IPS